Generated: March 27, 2026 at 12:31 AM
Formulaite predicts solid-state stability using quantum chemistry-informed models. Degradation pathways include radical chain autoxidation (Bolland-Gee kinetics), direct molecular oxidation, photodegradation (UV-driven isomerization), and hydrolysis.
Pathway kinetics are integrated using the Arrhenius equation to predict shelf-life across ICH steady-state conditions — accounting for packaging permeability, UV attenuation, carrier physical state, and antioxidant excipients. All formulation compositions are derived from published patent examples.
| Product | Type | Carrier | Antioxidant | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C3+BioPerine | Crystalline | None (crystalline powder) | None | Sabinsa Corp (C3 = 95% extract, BioPerine® = US5536506) |
| BCM-95 | Crystalline | None (crystalline + essential oil) | None | US7736679B2 (DolCas Biotech) |
| Meriva | ASD | Soy PC (phytosome) + MCC (filler) | None | EP1991244B1 (Indena SpA) |
| Longvida | ASD | Stearic acid SLN + soy PC | Ascorbic acid (4.5%) | US9192644B2 (Verdure Sciences) |
| CurcuWIN | ASD | HPMC + Mannitol (filler) + Lipid | α-Tocopherol (2.5%) + Ascorbyl palmitate (1.9%) | US20130274343A1 Example 2 (OmniActive Health) |
C3+BioPerine
| Ingredient | w/w % | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | 76.2% | active |
| DMC | 16.8% | active |
| BDMC | 5.9% | active |
| Piperine | 1% | active |
BCM-95
| Ingredient | w/w % | Role |
|---|
| Ingredient | w/w % | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | 86.4% | active |
| DMC | 4.5% | active |
| ar-Turmerone | 4.1% | active |
Meriva
| Ingredient | w/w % | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | 13.2% | active |
| DMC | 3.7% | active |
| Soy phosphatidylcholine | 40% | carrier |
| MCC | 40% | filler |
Longvida
| Ingredient | w/w % | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | 35% | active |
| DMC | 7.7% | active |
| BDMC | 2.7% | active |
| Ascorbic acid | 4.5% | antioxidant |
| Stearic acid | 28.2% | carrier |
| Soy phosphatidylcholine | 16.7% | carrier |
CurcuWIN
| Ingredient | w/w % | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | 16.6% | active |
| DMC | 3.7% | active |
| BDMC | 1.3% | active |
| α-Tocopherol | 2.5% | antioxidant |
| Ascorbyl palmitate | 1.9% | antioxidant |
| Mannitol | 63.1% | filler |
| HPMC | 5.7% | carrier |
| Hydrogenated soybean oil | 4.7% | carrier |
All values are relative stability ratios vs the baseline (C3+BioPerine = unprotected crystalline curcumin extract = 1.00×). Ratios >1.0× indicate improved stability; <1.0× indicates increased degradation vulnerability. The model predicts relative rankings, not absolute shelf-life.
ICH Long-Term (25°C/60%RH)
| Formulation | HDPE Bottle | Capsule + HDPE | Capsule + Alu-Alu | HDPE+N₂ | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C3+BioPerine | 1.00× | 1.00× | 1.00× | 1.00× | Baseline |
| BCM-95 | 1.01× | 1.01× | 1.00× | 1.01× | Comparable |
| Meriva | 0.22× | 0.94× | 1.52× | 0.20× | Reduced |
| Longvida | 1.98× | 3.49× | 3.02× | 1.78× | Enhanced |
| CurcuWIN | 2.28× | >5.00× | >5.00× | 2.06× | Enhanced |
ICH Intermediate (30°C/65%RH)
| Formulation | HDPE Bottle | Capsule + HDPE | Capsule + Alu-Alu | HDPE+N₂ | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C3+BioPerine | 1.00× | 1.00× | 1.00× | 1.00× | Baseline |
| BCM-95 | 1.02× | 1.01× | 1.01× | 1.01× | Comparable |
| Meriva | 0.37× | 0.98× | 0.91× | 0.31× | Reduced |
| Longvida | 2.64× | 2.79× | 2.03× | 2.22× | Enhanced |
| CurcuWIN | 3.52× | >5.00× | >5.00× | 3.06× | Enhanced |
ICH Accelerated (40°C/75%RH)
| Formulation | HDPE Bottle | Capsule + HDPE | Capsule + Alu-Alu | HDPE+N₂ | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C3+BioPerine | 1.00× | 1.00× | 1.00× | 1.00× | Baseline |
| BCM-95 | 1.01× | 1.02× | 1.01× | 1.01× | Comparable |
| Meriva | 0.20× | 0.35× | 0.33× | 0.17× | At Risk |
| Longvida | 1.81× | 1.42× | 0.93× | 1.49× | Comparable |
| CurcuWIN | 2.12× | 3.35× | >5.00× | 1.78× | Enhanced |
Baseline: C3+BioPerine = 1.00×. Green ≥ 1.5× Amber 0.8–1.5× Orange 0.4–0.8× Red < 0.4×
For each formulation, the engine computes how the dominant degradation pathway shifts based on packaging. Notice how removing the opaque capsule shell exposes amorphous formulations to catastrophic photodegradation, instantly changing their failure kinetics compared to crystalline solids.
C3+BioPerine
Type: Crystalline | Limiting compound: Curcumin | Dominant (Capsule): Radical Autoxidation
| Pathway | Contrib. (No Capsule, HDPE) | Contrib. (Capsule, HDPE) |
|---|---|---|
| Radical Autoxidation | 18.8% | 53.4% |
| Direct Oxidation | 36.6% | 40.1% |
| Photodegradation | 44.6% | 6.4% |
| Hydrolysis | 0.0% | 0.0% |
BCM-95
Type: Crystalline | Limiting compound: Curcumin | Dominant (Capsule): Radical Autoxidation
| Pathway | Contrib. (No Capsule, HDPE) | Contrib. (Capsule, HDPE) |
|---|---|---|
| Radical Autoxidation | 19.0% | 54.1% |
| Direct Oxidation | 35.8% | 39.4% |
| Photodegradation | 45.1% | 6.5% |
| Hydrolysis | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Meriva
Type: ASD | Limiting compound: Curcumin | Dominant (Capsule): Photodegradation
| Pathway | Contrib. (No Capsule, HDPE) | Contrib. (Capsule, HDPE) |
|---|---|---|
| Photodegradation | 95.8% | 58.2% |
| Radical Autoxidation | 3.3% | 38.0% |
| Direct Oxidation | 0.9% | 3.9% |
| Hydrolysis | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Longvida
Type: ASD | Limiting compound: Curcumin | Dominant (Capsule): Radical Autoxidation
| Pathway | Contrib. (No Capsule, HDPE) | Contrib. (Capsule, HDPE) |
|---|---|---|
| Radical Autoxidation | 14.3% | 76.2% |
| Photodegradation | 85.5% | 23.3% |
| Direct Oxidation | 0.2% | 0.5% |
| Hydrolysis | 0.0% | 0.0% |
CurcuWIN
Type: ASD | Limiting compound: Curcumin | Dominant (Capsule): Photodegradation
| Pathway | Contrib. (No Capsule, HDPE) | Contrib. (Capsule, HDPE) |
|---|---|---|
| Photodegradation | 99.6% | 97.4% |
| Direct Oxidation | 0.4% | 2.6% |
| Hydrolysis | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Radical Autoxidation | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Packaging controls two key environmental drivers: oxygen permeation (oxidation) and UV transmission (photodegradation). The table below shows how each packaging tier affects the internal environment at 25°C/60%RH.
| Packaging | O₂ (atm) | UV Transmission | RH eff. (%) | Key Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HDPE Bottle (No Capsule) | 0.0293 | 2.5% | 31% | Basic: minimal UV barrier |
| Capsule + HDPE | 0.0053 | 0.1% | 31% | Capsule shell adds UV/O₂ barrier |
| Capsule + Alu-Alu | 0.0010 | 0.0% | 30% | Near-hermetic: eliminates O₂ & moisture ingress |
| HDPE+N₂ (No Capsule) | 0.0141 | 2.5% | 31% | N₂ purge: initial O₂ reduced to near zero |
Nitrogen Blanketing Impact (HDPE Bottle, 25°C/60%RH)
| Formulation | Without N₂ | With N₂ | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| C3+BioPerine | 1.00× | 1.00× | +11% |
| Formulation | Without N₂ | With N₂ | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| BCM-95 | 1.01× | 1.01× | +11% |
| Meriva | 0.22× | 0.20× | +0% |
| Longvida | 1.98× | 1.78× | +0% |
| CurcuWIN | 2.28× | 2.06× | +0% |
The engine leverages fundamental thermodynamic principles to model how the physical state of the carrier matrix restricts molecular mobility and suppresses degradation:
Hancock-Shamblin Rotational Mobility: For glassy polymers, mobility scales with the temperature gap below the glass transition. The further storage temperature is below the glass transition, the stronger the geometric cage, suppressing degradation rates.
Gordon-Taylor Plasticization: The engine calculates how moisture ingress lowers the carrier's glass transition. If moisture drops it below storage temperature, the matrix melts into a rubbery state, unlocking massive mobility and catastrophic degradation.
Crystalline / Lipid Modeling: Crystalline API and solid lipids (stored below melting point) provide a rigid lattice cage.
Conversely, liquid lipids (stored above melting point) have high free-volume, removing the cage effect and increasing vulnerability to photoisomerization.
| Carrier Type | Example | Physical State | Stability Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glassy polymer | HPMC (CurcuWIN) | Rigid glass, deeply below Tg | Strongly restricts molecular motion, suppressing radical propagation |
| Crystalline lipid | Stearic acid (Longvida) | Solid below Tm (70°C) | Geometric cage limits photoisomerization, comparable to crystalline API |
| Liquid lipid | Soy PC (Meriva) | Liquid above Tm (−15°C) | High molecular mobility increases photodegradation vulnerability |
| No carrier | C3+BioPerine, BCM-95 | Crystalline powder | Crystal lattice provides geometric cage; baseline stability reference |
For maximum chemical stability:
Use a glassy polymer carrier (HPMC, PVP-VA) with dual antioxidant system (α-tocopherol + ascorbyl palmitate) in HPMC
capsules + HDPE bottles. This is the CurcuWIN approach. N₂ blanketing provides additional margin.
For phytosome/lipid formulations (e.g., Meriva):
Liquid lipid carriers increase photodegradation vulnerability. Mitigate with: (1) opaque Alu-Alu blister packaging for UV/O₂ barrier, (2) addition of a sacrificial antioxidant (the Meriva patent does not include one), (3) nitrogen blanketing if using bottles.
For cost-sensitive formulations:
Crystalline curcumin extract in HPMC capsules + HDPE bottles provides robust baseline stability. BCM-95 performs equivalently. No antioxidant is required for the crystalline physical form.
Disclaimer: These predictions represent relative stability rankings based on first-principles degradation kinetics. Absolute shelf-life values should be validated with ICH stability studies. Real-world stability also depends on manufacturing process controls (N₂ purging, blend uniformity, residual solvents) not modeled here.